Platypus Essays - Monotremes, Sleep, Dream, Neurophysiology

Platypus The platypus, obviously, is a shockingly profound sleeper. In addition, it spends a greater amount of its time in alleged 'REM' rest than some other warm blooded animal. These are the determinations of an examination on rest in the platypus by Jerry M. Siegel of the Sepulveda Veterans' Affairs Medical Center, North Hills, California and partners. Their report shows up in an extraordinary number of Philosophical Exchanges of the Royal Society committed to the science of the platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus), praising the bicentenary of the disclosure, in Australia, of this striking creature. 'REM' means 'quick eye-development' and is the sort of rest in which the cerebrum can be more dynamic than in it is while alert, the creature jerks, and the eyelids glimmer ? henceforth the name. In people, REM rest is related with dreaming. Be that as it may, does the platypus have an exceptionally rich dream life? Conceivably not, state the scientists: felines, opossums, armadillos and different warm blooded creatures not known for their scholarly accomplishments have unquestionably more REM rest, regardless of whether determined in hours out of every day or as a level of absolute rest time, than people. And why study rest in the platypus in any case? All things considered, the platypus is a dark and amazingly crude animal, remotely identified with people. The appropriate response lies in that crude state: considering the physiology of the platypus could yield intimations about the life and conduct of the most punctual warm blooded creatures. The platypus has a place with a gathering of warm blooded animals with very old roots. Aside from the platypus itself, the gathering ? the monotremes ? incorporates two types of echidna, or 'sharp insect eating animal'. Each of the three species are bound to Australasia. Monotremes lay eggs, similar to winged animals and reptiles, yet in contrast to every single other warm blooded creature. They likewise have a scope of other reptile-like anatomical highlights, includes that have been lost in further developed warm blooded creatures. Scientists imagine that monotremes have been unmistakable as a gathering for at any rate 80 million years, well before the dinosaurs got wiped out. Monotremes have taken a appearance job in concentrates on the advancement of mammalian cerebrum work. An examination in 1972 proposed that the echidna Tachyglossus had no REM rest. This was significant, in light of the fact that it inferred that REM rest probably developed in higher vertebrates. Ensuing exploration made this outcome look bizarre, as REM-like rest wonders have since been seen in flying creatures and a few reptiles: in which case, the echidna may have lost the limit some place in its development. This is the problem that Siegel and associates have been researching. To begin with, it turns out that the term 'REM' is a misnomer: creatures may show REM rest despite the fact that their eyes don't move, and their bodies don't jerk. REM is appropriately characterized as a trademark example of action in the cerebrum, created by explicit neuronal pathways in the brainstem ? regardless of whether this movement is conveyed advances into the 'higher' focuses of the mind (where it is showed as dreaming). Accounts from attentively embedded terminals show that the echidna does, all things considered, show a sort of REM rest produced by the brainstem, even in spite of the fact that it is somewhat quieted and the creature gives no outward indications. Youthful creatures show more REM rest than more established ones, and it may be the case that extremely youthful echidnas have an increasingly dynamic dozing life (counting jerking) than more seasoned ones. The platypus, however, gives all the great outward indications of REM rest. Without a doubt, an account from as some time in the past as 1860, preceding REM rest was found, detailed that youthful platypus indicated 'swimming' developments of their forepaws while sleeping. In spite of these distinctions, the REM rest of the platypus and the echidna is limited to the brainstem: the forebrain shows the ordinary, consistent examples of neuronal movement related with profound, dreamless rest. This proposes for all their REM rest, monotremes don't dream. These discoveries set our comprehension of the advancement of rest on a firmer balance. It presently appears that the 'center' brainstem action showed as REM rest has incredibly antiquated roots, returning to the reptilian acnestors of vertebrates just as winged creatures. The elaboration of REM rest into the forebrain is a later development: however whether it advanced once and monotremes have since lost it, or on the off chance that it developed more than once, is something that solitary more work on winged creatures and reptiles can build up. The platypus, obviously, is a shockingly profound sleeper. Furthermore, it spends a greater amount of its time in purported 'REM' rest than some other warm blooded animal. These are the determinations of an examination on rest in the platypus by Jerry M. Siegel of the Sepulveda Veterans' Affairs Medical Center, North Hills, California and associates. Their report shows up

Case study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 43

Contextual analysis - Essay Example The administration of Levendary accepts that for any business to succeed, consumer loyalty must be an essential core interest. Area of business outlets contributes hugely to the accomplishment as this cafã ©. I would agree with a thought of recreating what Levendary cafã © does in U.S to that it keeps seeking after it at Pudong and Beijing government office in light of the fact that the objective market in the two areas are American residents. Cultivate ought to present a sound vital arrangement that diagrams far reaching methods of making benefits and hazard minimization. A supervisory group needs rebuilding by making a title like the one of the hazard administrator to assess advertise patterns and conceivable hazard identified with international strategies. China has a fast populace in this way Foster need procedures that misuse all chances to tap a bigger market. To limit the executives overhead, Foster ought to consider re-appropriating of HR and acquaint complete preparing with her supervisory crew to coordinate the rivals in another market. Central command ought to include every single practical organ of the business. Levendary should assemble their store as opposed to leasing a space for their merchandise and enterprises. All administrations of the cafã ©, in this manner, ought to be accessible at the

The Best Resource For Essay Writing

The Best Resource For Essay WritingIf you're struggling with English essays, there's a good chance that you have not yet learned the most basic fundamentals of essay writing. You may be using the wrong way to write and not know how to use formal essay examples correctly.With all the writing out there in the world today, it can be difficult to know what you should and shouldn't be doing to write an essay. Thankfully, there are many excellent and free online resources for learning the skills of essay writing that will help you become a better writer. Let's discuss the best resources for writing an English essay.One of the best resources for English essays is the Internet. There are so many good websites that offer example essays. The advantage of the Internet is that it offers many ways to write a short essay, including the use of 'formal' examples. Many websites offer some of the best free writing samples in the world.Another advantage to using a website for learning is that there are many things that the writers of these sites have learned and are willing to share with you. In addition, most of the websites offer a forum for writers to interact, so you can get help from other writers.If you find a good website, consider subscribing to their weekly newsletter. You can also read some of the resources that they offer on their website.Another good way to learn how to write a basic essay is to read one on a topic that interests you. It doesn't have to be anything very technical, but something that you're interested in will teach you so much about how to write a quality essay.It's important to realize that many people use resources for writing and for examples for essays, but don't write essays. These people often make a good living by selling examples for essays, but there are many writers who write only from their own experiences and with no samples to follow.It's also important to note that there are many free resources for writing, but many of these resources are also good resources for essay samples. So remember, if you can find a good resource for writing an essay, consider subscribing to their daily newsletter or joining their forum. These resources will help you become a better writer.

The Diversity of Learning Styles Essay - 572 Words

The life of a functioning adult in today’s world consists mostly of communicating with people and groups that have different personalities and learning styles. So, it is vitally important that we learn to communicate in diverse ways so that our message(s) get across in the most effective and through way(s) possible. One of the learning styles that is hardest for me relate with is musical learning. While I enjoy listening to music and occasionally creating music, I simply do not absorb and process information that way. When I try to work with a person who is predominately a musical learner I try to put things in rhymes or set information to the rhythm in a song. I might also play music in the background when I want them to concentrate so†¦show more content†¦Naturalistic learners tend to learn best when the can directly connect any new knowledge to their prior knowledge, abstract ideas and concepts may be difficult for them to process. When communicating with a person who is this type of learner I try to use metaphors that are directly related to their field(s) of interest, and attempt to make any new information immediately applicable to their external environment. Someone who is an organizer by nature will be good to work with because of their interest in details and their deep commitment to follow-through both in their relationships and when working on tasks. It is more difficult working and interacting with this type of person if the subject involves more creative or loosely defined topics. When communicating with an organizer I try to clearly define the topic and goals of the situation and if possible use schedules and lists extensively. Givers are assets when working in groups because they naturally gravitate towards promoting strong and dynamic group relationships. They also cultivate the strengths that are within themselves and others. However, a giver can give too much and invest too much personal equity into a project or relationship. When I communicate with a person who is a Giver I make sure that they are given the opportunity to express themselves and share information. Working with an Adventurer type personality is beneficial in anyShow MoreRelatedDiversity, Religion, And Learning Styles944 Words   |  4 PagesDiversity in the classroom can come in many forms, these include but are not limited to differences in language, culture, social status, religion, and learning styles. As educators, it will be our job to make sure that we are able to support our diverse students in their learning, and it is also essential that we make our classroom a place where diversity is accepted and all students feel safe engaging in the learning. Not all students that we encounter will have been exposed to diversity and itRead MoreThe Role Of Transactional Versus Transformational Leadership1320 Words   |  6 Pagesshift in the paradigm of leadership style has begun to occur. The male dominated workforce has started to give way to a far more diversified workplace, with increasing numbers of women and minorities in leadership positions. This shift, resultantly, is cau sing a move away from the traditional leadership styles, with more focus given to contemporary leadership theories. For example, in a recent TED Talk Roselinde Torres discussed the shortcomings of leadership styles that were effective twenty yearsRead MoreExplain Sociocultural Theory And Give An Example1122 Words   |  5 Pagesdeveloped stronger diversity skills and has gained a new respect for those who encounter ignorance and insensitive comments due to disabilities (Bucher). Describe three diversity skills that promote success in school, and three that promote success in the workplace. Diversity skills are competencies that allow people to socialize with others in a respectful way that values individuality and differences.To help us become more successful academically there are important diversity skills we can learnRead MoreDeep Level Diversity Promotes Team Performance1060 Words   |  5 PagesDeep-level diversity promotes team performance by giving opportunities for authentic interaction with different personalities, learning styles and character traits that would provide opportunities for optimal team performance. To begin, a definition of surface level diversity is helpful; surface-level diversity is a dynamic that people are keenly aware of in our society. We are taught at an early age to â€Å"play† well with others regardless of traits that are highly visible to us and those around usRead MoreDiversity in the Classroom1546 Words   |  7 Pagesiverse learning profiles in the class roomDiverse Learning Profiles in the Classroom By Phillip Anton INTRODUCTION Teachers are faced with the challenge of students bringing with them, vastly different experiences, cultures, interests and abilities. These characteristics can have a great impact on how students learn. Teaching to such a diverse group requires teachers to be more flexible and place a greater emphasis on the individual. Through the aid of variety and choice, teachers can differentiateRead MoreLeadership And Leadership Styles Than I Learned1645 Words   |  7 Pagesleadership and leadership styles than I knew before I started my learning experience with LIB 100, LIB 341, MGT 345, LIB 312, LIB 380 and PA390. Most importantly, I learned a lot more about my own leadership style and how I’m perceived as a leader from my employees at work. I used the PA390 leadership assessment questionnaires and exercises with my team at work, their feedback and responses have helped me provide some insight and learn more about my leadership values and style. These exercises and furtherRead More Emotional Intelligence And Effective Leadership1144 Words   |  5 Pagescapabilities involves emotions in working with individuals from standpoints, belief, judgment and outlook. The following test results are from self-assessment links in the categories of emotional intelligence, personality test, learning styles, values survey and diversity tolerance. First, to discuss the result of emotional intelligence with a score of 63% - basic skill, resulting in requiring improvement in understand emotions of individuals. Although, having a basic skilled called for improvementRead MoreMy Reflective Reflection Portfolio1001 Words   |  5 PagesWho Am I? Learning styles â€Å"Learning styles were produced by Peter Honey and Alan Mumford, in view of the work of Kolb, and they recognized four particular learning styles or inclinations: Activist, Theorist; Pragmatist and Reflector.†Ã‚  (Honey and Mumford four Learning Styles, n.d.).These four learning approaches that people normally incline toward and they prescribe that with a specific end goal to amplify one s very own adapting every learner should comprehend their learning style and to searchRead MoreDiversity in classroom943 Words   |  4 Pagesteacher. It contributed to me learning how to deal with diversity, classroom control, and accommodation for different learning styles. In my field experiment, I focused on diversity and how it plays a huge part in how the students interact and learn within the classroom. Diversity simply put, is to have variety or differences inside of a group. Diversity in the classroom may include: exceptionalities, culture, language, learning style and gender. Di fferent types of diversities in a classroom can if notRead MoreEssay on Diversity and Multicultural Education in the Classroom1561 Words   |  7 Pagesrole in the learning process for every human being. Race, religion, language, socioeconomics, gender, family structure, and disabilities can all affect the ways in which we learn. Educators must take special measures in the delivery of classroom instruction to celebrate the learning and cultural differences of each of their students. As communities and schools continue to grow in diversity, teachers are searching for effective educational programs to accommodate the various learning styles of each student

Social Pressures Reflected in Ginsbergs Howl Essay

Social Pressures Reflected in Ginsbergs Howl Post World War II America produced a number of images that will be forever imprinted on the minds of Americans. Such images as television shows like Leave It To Beaver and I Love Lucy, movies such as An Affair To Remember, and Brigadoon, are watched frequently even in todays society. But in this world of fairytale movies and the American Dream, what about those who didnt fit into the picture of perfection and prosperity? These men became the basis of an underground network of dissident writers, teachers, artists and filmmakers. Often a reaction against the strict standards of normalcy held by the American public and the bureaucracy of the government, their work not only†¦show more content†¦Such is the same in Howl. Ginsberg does not spare the innocent reader. When one analyzes the social power of Ginsbergs statements, one can come easily to the conclusion that society was not exactly welcoming to Ginsberg, and he reacted to that through his writing, especially in Howl. The second portion of Howl is commonly considered by critics to be the most complicated for the average mind to comprehend. In this section, nearly every thing is described as a Moloch. Moloch, in mythology was a God to whom children were sacrificed. Now, the term is commonly used to describe anything responsible for destroying innocence. In Part II, Ginsberg describes nearly everything about American culture to be a Moloch. Even societys viewpoints are Molochs. In a way, Ginsberg is calling America itself a Moloch, and then continuing to describe parts of the whole. Moloch whose mind is pure machinery! Moloch whose blood is running money! Moloch whose fingers are ten armies! Moloch whose breast is a cannibal dynamo! Moloch whose ear is a smoking tomb! (Ginsberg 21) America is evil to Ginsberg because of the feelings of hatred and repulsion the society builds in him. The third section of Howl is a striking contrast to the other two parts.Show MoreRelatedConfessionalist Characteristics Of Allen Ginsberg And The Beat Generation1540 Words   |  7 Pagesauthors and works from the Beat movement incorporate various Confessionalist characteristics. Allen Ginsberg, one such author, combined both Confessionalism and Beat poetry in a variety of his works, including Howl and Kaddish. The Confessionalist aspects of Allen Ginsberg and his works, such as Howl, were heavily outweighed by the Beat aspects in his work. The Beat poetry movement began in the 1950s due to the tense political climate and heavily conformative society. During this time, America was a policing

The Role of Ophelia in William Shakespeares Hamlet Essay

The Role of Ophelia in William Shakespeares Hamlet Although Ophelia is not a main character in the revenge tragedy Hamlet her dramatic purpose is vital to the play. It emphasizes the poisoned body politic and its affects on the innocent. The role of women in the sixteenth century is to be obedient and dutiful, the only way to accomplish this was to be passive. Women in the sixteenth century were meant to be obedient to their fathers, for they were their property until such a time came when she was married, it would then be her husband to whom her duties lied. Denmark is in a state of chaos shown by the opening death of the true King Hamlet who was murdered by his own brother Claudius,†¦show more content†¦Hamlet is now believed to be mad, he knows about the murder of his father and the true corruption which rules the state of Denmark. Claudius suspects Hamlet is aware of his treachery and Polonius advises the King to use Ophelia to find the source of his madness whether it be Ophelia’s refusal to Hamlet or another matter, ‘Ophelia is a card that can be played to take several sorts of tricks’[1]. Polonius’ ambitions are that he can introduce the idea of a marriage between Hamlet and Ophelia, to heighten his social status. Ophelia’ actions have been purely innocent, when Ophelia is played against Hamlet however, Hamlet can see her corruption he can see how she is beginning to become tainted and warns her â€Å"Get thee to a nunnery. Why wouldst thou be a breeder of sinners?† He is warning her to either go to a nunnery or fall into the darkness and become a harlot. Ophelia has given in to evil unknowingly and her downward trajectory is beginning. Hamlet is summoned to his mothers chambers where she wishes to find the cause of his madness, meanwhile Polonius eavesdrops behind an arras only to be killed by Hamlet. Ophelia is now left with no-one to guide her in her rapidly changing life, her father is dead and her brother is away atShow MoreRelatedWomen s Tragedy : Hamlet And King Lear1185 Words   |  5 PagesTinsley Anderson Dr. Pitchford ENGL 4037 24 November 2015 Women in Shakespeare’s Tragedies: Hamlet and King Lear While William Shakespeare’s Tragedies are well known for their violence, tragic heroes, and fatal flaws, the method in which Shakespeare portrays his female characters in a negative light is seldom expressed. The women of Shakespeare’s Tragedies are represented unfavorably, no matter if they are virtuous or evil. â€Å"Shakespeare’s plays are not lacking in women with positive human qualities,Read MoreHamlet: Mel Gibson vs Kenneth Branagh Essay1127 Words   |  5 PagesHamlet, a tragedy by William Shakespeare shows a lot of adaptations to movies. Hamlet by Mel Gibson (1990) and Kenneth Branagh (1996) interpret and portray the play by Shakespeare in different ways. The two film versions of Act IV of Hamlet have many differences and similarities. Kenneth Branagh’s version of Hamlet is seen covering most of the original text of Shakespeare’s play of Hamlet unlike the Mel Gibson version which omits many scenes and dialogues. The film version of Hamle t featuring KennethRead MoreEssay about Portrayal of Women in Shakespeares Hamlet 1227 Words   |  5 PagesPortrayal of Women in Shakespeares Hamlet  Ã‚   Shakespeare was possibly the first writer to portray women as strong, crafty, and intelligent. However, he has still received criticism from feminists about his representation of women. Some have even accused him of misogyny. There are only two female characters in the play Hamlet - Gertrude, Hamlets mother and Ophelia, daughter of Polonius. Any debate based upon gender roles must therefore focus upon these two characters. Shakespeare portraysRead MoreHamlet, By William Shakespeare1178 Words   |  5 Pages In William Shakespeare’s play Hamlet, the protagonist suffers from struggles with major characters, especially with the women in his life. While reading the play Hamlet, Hamlet appears to be a disillusioned man. Throughout the play, Shakespeare has only casted two females: Gertrude and Ophelia. Gertrude is defined to be incestuous, naà ¯ve and cold-hearted. On the other side, Ophelia is characterized to be ignorant, innocent and fearful. After the quick marriage of his mother and evil uncle, Hamlet’sRead MoreThe Symbolism of Ophelia’s Character Essay733 Words   |  3 PagesDate The Symbolism of Ophelia’s Character The name Ophelia has been most commonly associated with William Shakespeares play, Hamlet, where she is referred to as the title characters mad lover. She is believed to have killed herself out of madness by drowning herself in a river. Interpretations about Ophelias character have ranged from being a woman who lost her sanity upon her father, Polonius death to being the object of hatred by Hamlet. However, despite her supporting character in the playRead MoreFor A Majority Of History, Societies Have Often Positioned1266 Words   |  6 Pagesmen on a higher pedestal than women. This inequitable arrangement has regrettably caused men en masse to treat women, especially their wives, as their own personal property rather than people. In one of William Shakespeare’s more well known works, Hamlet, one of the main female characters, Ophelia, has a life that is unfortunately no different; she has been objectified by not only the society she was born into, but also the men in her li fe. The key aspect of this essay discusses how the discriminatoryRead MoreEssay on The Character of Ophelia in Shakespeares Hamlet1169 Words   |  5 PagesThe Character of Ophelia in Hamlet   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In Shakespeares play, Hamlet, the character Ophelia plays an important role in the elaboration of the plot.   In the beginning, she is in a healthy state of mind, in love with Hamlet, yet controlled by her father.   During the play she has several troubling experiences involving Hamlet - causing her to become distressed.   The death of Ophelias father leaves her mentally unstable and in a state of madness that eventually leads to her own death.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Read MoreHamlet, By William Shakespeare1053 Words   |  5 PagesWilliam Shakespeare’s ravishing play Hamlet was performed at the Elgin and Winter Garden Theatre on November 18th, 2014. To recap what went on in the play: Claudius had killed Hamlet’s father, the King of Denmark. Hamlet’s mother Gertrude then married Claudius two months after the death of her husband’s murder, but she did not know. The guards of the castle saw the ghost of Hamlet’s father. Hamlet was told by his father’s ghost that he was killed by Claudius, and that is when Hamlet lost it. TheRead More The Works of William Shakespeare Essay1429 Words   |  6 PagesThe Works of William Shakespeare William Shakespeare is customary regarded to be the finest dramatist the world has ever seen and the greatest poet who has created his plays in the English language. Besides, Shakespeare has been the world’s most famous author. No other writer’s works have been published so many times or read so broadly in so many places. Shakespeare knew human nature as few other writers have. He could notice in a particular dramatic case the qualities that refer to all humanRead MoreMovie Adaptations of Hamlet1017 Words   |  4 PagesHamlet, a tragedy by William Shakespeare shows a lot of adaptations to movies. Hamlet by Mel Gibson (1990) and Kenneth Branagh (1996) interpret and portray the play by Shakespeare in different ways. The two film versions of Mel Gibson and Kenneth Branagh of Act IV of Hamlet have many differences and similarities. Kenneth Branagh version of Hamlet is seen covering most of the original text of Shakespeare’s play of Hamlet unlike the Mel Gibson version which omits many scenes and dialogues. The film

Barriers to Entry and Bargaining Power free essay sample

What are the critical drivers of industry profitability? Rivalry Among Existing Firms. The greater the degree of competition among firms in an industry, the lower average profitability is likely to be. The factors that influence existing firm rivalry are industry growth rate, concentration and balance of competitors, degree of differentiation and switching costs, scale/learning economies and the ratio of fixed to variable costs, and excess capacity and exit barriers. Threat of New Entrants. The threat of new entry can force firms to set prices to keep industry profits low. The threat of new entry can be mitigated by economies of scale, first mover advantages to incumbents, greater access to channels of distribution and existing customer relationships, and legal barriers to entry. Threat of Substitute Products. The threat of substitute products can force firms to set lower prices, reducing industry profitability. The importance of substitutes will depend on the price sensitivity of buyers and the degree of substitutability among the products. Bargaining Power of Buyers. The greater the bargaining power of buyers, the lower the industry’s profitability. Bargaining power of buyers will be determined by the buyers’ price sensitivity and their importance to the individual firm. As the volume of purchases of a single buyer increases, its bargaining power with the supplier increases. Bargaining Power of Suppliers. The greater the bargaining power of suppliers, the lower the industry’s profitability. Suppliers’ bargaining ability increases as the number of suppliers declines when there are few substitutes available. 6. ?Coca-Cola and Pepsi are both very profitable soft drinks. Inputs for these products include corn syrup, bottles/cans, and soft drink syrup. Coca-Cola and Pepsi produce the syrup themselves and purchase the other inputs. They then enter into exclusive contracts with independent bottlers to produce their products. Use the five forces framework and your knowledge of the soft drink industry to explain how Coca-Cola and Pepsi are able to retain most of the profits in this industry. While consumers perceive an intensely competitive relationship between Coke and Pepsi, these major players in the soft drink industry have structured their businesses to retain most of the profits in the industry by concentrating operations in its least competitive segments. Coke and Pepsi have segmented the soft drink industry into two industries—production of soft drink syrup and manufacturing/distribution of the soft drinks at the retail level. Moreover, they have chosen to operate primarily in the production of soft drink syrup, while leaving the independent bottlers with the more competitive segment of the industry. Coca-Cola and Pepsi compete primarily on brand image rather than on price. They sell their syrup to independent bottlers who have exclusive contracts to distribute soft drinks and other company products within a specific geographic area. While other syrup producers exist, they are typically regional and have very small shares of the market. ) Given the large number of competing forms of  containers for soft drinks (glass bottles, plastic bottles, aluminum cans, etc. ), it is difficult for bottlers to earn any more than a normal return on their investment. Consequently, Coke and Pepsi can write exclusive contracts with bottlers p rohibiting them from simultaneously bottling for a competitor. It is also difficult for independent bottlers to switch from Coke to Pepsi products, since there is likely to be an existing Pepsi bottler in the same geographic area. Consequently, independent bottlers have little bargaining power and Coke and Pepsi are able to charge them relatively high prices for syrup. The threat of new entrants at the syrup level is restricted by limited access to adequate distribution channels and by the valuable brand names that have been created by both Coke and Pepsi. While soda syrup is relatively inexpensive and easy to make, a new syrup producer would have difficulty finding a distributor that could get its products to retail stores and placed in desirable shelf space. The high levels of advertising by Coke and Pepsi have created highly valued, universally recognized brands, which would be difficult for a potential competitor to replicate. The main ingredients of syrup are sugar and flavoring, and the markets for these inputs are generally competitive. As a result, Coke and Pepsi exert considerable influence over their suppliers. For example, in the 1980s when corn syrup became a less-expensive sweetener than cane sugar, Coke and Pepsi switched to corn syrup. Thus, Coke and Pepsi are able to retain profits rather than pay them out to their suppliers. The production and distribution of soft drinks at the retail level is likely to be less profitable than is syrup production for several reasons. First, despite tremendous amounts of advertising designed to create differentiated products, many people view sodas as being relatively similar and switching costs for consumers are very low, which makes it difficult to price one soft drink significantly higher than another. Second, there are a great number of substitutes for soft drinks, such as water, milk, juice, athletic drinks, etc. , which consumers could switch to if the price of soda were to increase. Third, because of low switching costs, consumers can be price sensitive and also exercise relative bargaining power over independent bottlers. Finally, as discussed before, the structure of the relationship between Coke and Pepsi and the independent bottlers gives Coke and Pepsi greater bargaining power over the bottlers, further limiting the ability of independent bottlers to keep a larger share of their profits. 8. What are the ways that a firm can create barriers to entry to deter competition in its business? What factors determine whether these barriers are likely to be enduring? Barriers to entry allow a firm to earn profits while at the same time preventing other firms from entering the market. The primary sources of barriers to entry include economies of scale, absolute costs advantages, product differentiation advantages, and government restrictions on entry of competitors. Firms can create these barriers through a variety of means. 1. A firm can engineer and design its products, processes, and services to create economies of scale. Because of economies of scale, larger plants can produce goods at a lower cost that smaller plants. Hence, a firm considering entering the existing firm’s market must be able to take advantage of the same scale economies or be forced to charge a higher price for its products and services. 2. Cost leaders have absolute cost advantages over rivals. Through the development of superior production techniques, investment in research and development, accumulation of greater operating experience or special access to raw materials, or exclusive contracts with distributors or suppliers, cost leaders operate at a lower cost than any potential new entrants to the market. . A firm can engineer and design its products, processes, and services to create economies of scale. Because of economies of scale, larger plants can produce goods at a lower cost that smaller plants. Hence, a firm considering entering the existing firm’s market must be able to take advantage of the same scale economies or be forced to charge a higher price for its products and services. 3. Differentiation of the firm’s products and services may also help create barriers to entry for other firms. Firms often spend considerable resources to differentiate their products or services. Soft drink makers, for example, invest in advertising designed to differentiate their products from other products in the market. Other competitors that would like to enter the market will be forced to make similar investments in any new products. 4. Firms often try to persuade governments to impose entry restrictions through patents, regulations, and licenses. ATT fought with the government for many years to prevent other providers of long distance telephone service from entering the market. Similarly, the local Bell operating companies have lobbied the federal government to write laws to make it difficult for other firms to provide local phone service. Several factors influence how long specific barriers to entry are effective at preventing the entry of competitors into an industry. †¢Economies of scale depend on the size and growth of the market. If a market is growing quickly, a competitor could build a larger plant capable of producing at a cost lower than the incumbent. If a market is flat, there may not be enough demand to support additional production at the efficient scale, which forces new entrants to have higher costs. Absolute cost advantages depend on competitors’ difficulty in designing better processes. Some processes receive legal protection from patents. Entrants must either wait for the patent to expire or bear the expense of trying to invest around the patent. Similarly, differentiation advantages last only so long as a firm continues to inv est in differentiation and it is difficult for other firms to replicate the same differentiated product or service. †¢Incumbent firms and potential entrants can both lobby the government. If potential entrants launch intensive lobbying and public interest campaigns, laws, regulations, and rules can change to ease entry into a once-protected industry. Several recent examples in the U. S. are deregulation of the airline, trucking, banking, and telecommunications industries. 9.? Explain why you agree or disagree with each of the following statements: a.? It’s better to be a differentiator than a cost leader, since you can then charge premium prices. Disagree. While it is true that differentiators can charge higher prices compared to cost leaders, both strategies can be equally profitable. Differentiation is expensive to develop and maintain. It often requires significant company investment in research and development, engineering, training, and marketing. Consequently, it is more expensive for companies to provide goods and services under a differentiated strategy. Thus, profitability of a firm using the differentiated strategy depends on being able to produce differentiated products or services at a cost lower than the premium price. On the other hand, the cost leadership strategy can be very profitable for companies. A cost leader will often be able to maintain larger margins and higher turnover than its nearest competitors. If a company’s competitors have higher costs but match the cost leader’s prices, the competitors will be forced to have lower margins. Competitors that choose to keep prices higher and maintain margins will lose market share. Hence, being a cost leader can be just as profitable as being a differentiator. b. It’s more profitable to be in a high-technology industry than a low- technology one. Disagree. There are highly profitable firms in both high technology and low technology industries. The argument presumes that high technology always creates barriers to entry. However, high technology is not always an effective entry barrier and can be associated with high levels of competition among existing firms, high threat of new entrants, substitute products, and high bargaining power of buyers and/or sellers. For example, the personal computer industry is a high-technology business, yet is highly competitive. There are very low costs of entering the industry, little product differentiation in terms of quality, and two very powerful suppliers (Microsoft and Intel). Consequently, firms in the PC business typically struggle to earn a normal return on their capital. In contrast, Wal-Mart is a cost leader in a very low-tech industry, and is one of the most profitable companies in the U. S. c.? The reason why industries with large investments have high barriers to entry is because it is costly to raise capital. Disagree. The cost of raising capital is generally related to risk of the project rather than the size of the project. As long as the risks of the project are understood, the costs of raising the necessary capital will be fairly priced. However, large investments can act as high entry barriers in several other ways. First, where large investments are necessary to achieve scale economies, if additional capacity will not be fully used, it may make it unprofitable for entrants to invest in new plant. Second, a new firm may be at an initial cost disadvantage as it begins to learn how to use the new assets in the most efficient manner. Third, existing firms may have excess capacity in reserve that they could use to flood the market if potential competitors attempt to enter the market.

Arg. essay essays

Arg. essay essays Governmental Funding of Scientific and Technological Advancement Modern medicines have more than doubled our life expectancies just in the last few years. It has enabled children to receive vaccinations against diseases that once ensured a vast majority of infant mortalities. Without research and development, science would not be nearly as advanced as it is today. We would not have the things we take for granted, nor would we realize the true power of knowledge. The government should fund the advancement of science and technology because it allows advancement in our nations communications, it increases productivity rates for various companies, and it allows us to understand areas in science such as cloning and in vitro fertilization. Some say that science gives man the ability to play God. They say that it has greatly increased the ability of men and women to kill each other. According to Richard Mott, they say that it is despoiling the natural world and that science is dangerous. it is apparent that science is both capable of killing and curing. How can we claim that science is giving man the ability to play God when were talking about the existence of a deity that many people do not even believe in? Theyre implying that science is violating a boundary. What boundary? Science does not kill; man does. We cannot blame science for flaws in human nature or deaths in war. The government makes sure that our country has the most advanced warfare that is considered legal. So why shouldnt the government fund the research and development that goes into those weapons? The proposition states that were irresponsible for meddling in areas that we know nothing of. The word society itself comes from socialization- the idea of interaction and communication. Telephones and email enable people on opposite sides of the world...

APA Guide

APA Guide Plagiarism can be a pricey mistake, costing money, hassle, and jeopardizing your career. You want to make sure that you are properly using modern standards for documenting your sources as you write. Luckily, the APA Guide provides plenty of helpful guidelines for documenting your sources. The Price of Plagiarism The consequences of plagiarism can be dire. Even if you dont intend to plagiarize another persons work, you can put your career in jeopardy with a single mistake. You can face law suits, expulsion, and the publication of your paper can be declined, if any small part of your paper is considered plagiarized. The APA Guide to Citation The APA Guide helps you avoid these situations by properly citing works that you reference. Whether youre writing a business report or preparing an academic paper, you can use the APA Guide to properly credit your sources. Because of its easy parenthetical citation format, you can quickly insert your credits in a matter of seconds. When to Make Citations You must cite sources for any text you are summarizing, quoting verbatim, and for any idea or theory which is not your own. For instance, if you are citing Klauswitzs theory on the fog of war, you will need to quote his text (or a secondary source) in order to use that phrase in your paper. Even if you are quoting a source with which you do not agree, you still always need to include a citation for the quotation you wish to refute.

Final Project - Preferred Decision Making Process with Organization Assignment

Final Project - Preferred Decision Making Process with Organization Application Overview - Assignment Example The non-standard decisions are non-routine and non-standard. The organization makes new decisions suitable for each kind of problem. Regardless of whether the organization settles for programmed or non-programmed decision, decision making still remains a multilevel model engaging different members of the organization in their respective capacities as shown in Figure 1 below. From the figure above, the whole process of decision making requires the organization management to take up leadership roles in the problem analysis process. The management is thus forced to leave the usual thinking zone to explore feasible solutions to the problem at hand since many problems require a multilevel perspective. The different thinking approaches in decision making help in integrating creativity and professional views to arrive at solutions. Each decision making level requires short-term decision that serves the purpose of mitigating the issues at each stage of the development (Hernandez, 2014). The employees serve as key stake holders in the short term decisions. They implement the decisions as well as observe ad evaluate the immediate outcomes. The outcome calls for follow-up and feedback from the management. At this level, communication with employees involved in implementation the decision becomes the main tool in ensuring every person involved gets to know what is happening. The follow-up ensures that the decision was implemented correctly and that the directly affected parties feel the impact and can report something about it (Hernandez, 2014). Following the decision making process ensures that the values attached to each stage of the decision are converted to actions. This is influenced by expected results that encourage the necessary steps to be implemented. Accountability for the results of the implementation process is warranted by involving the key stakeholder’s in the decision making process (Conroy and

Origin Enterprises plc Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Origin Enterprises plc - Assignment Example The manufacturing and distribution operation of the agro nutrition division is based in the United Kingdom, Norway, Poland and the Ireland. There are many renowned items produced by the company. Some of those renowned products are crop nutrition, feed ingredients, marine proteins and oils and integrated agronomy services etc. which provides a leading edge in the competitive market. On the other side the food division of the company is categorized into four segments i.e. manufacturing, marketing, sales, and distribution which is primarily based on Ireland. Presently, the company is in leading position due to supply quality of foods across manufacturing sector, food service sector and the retail sector. Here the researcher tries to analyse the different aspects of the Origin Enterprise by analysing the annual report as well as the Director’s report. In this report, the researcher highlights the different social, ethical and environmental issues. The financial analysis is also in tegral part of this report. Review of Annual Report and Director’s Report General Overview of the Origin Enterprise Plc ... There are a number of food brands of Ireland, food services retail convenience segments, manufacturing sector and home baking that are related with the business network of the company. On the other side, the foods wing of Origin Enterprise plc is consisted with three food brands namely Roma, Odlums and Shamrock. There are two subsidiaries of the company i.e. R & H Hall Limited and Goulding Chemicals Limited. The sales revenue of the company decreased 11 % in 2012 comparing to that of in 2011. The segment wise analysis of the company shows that the sales revenue of Food business division is higher than the Agri-nutrition division. Target Market The Agri-Nutrition business is distributed through its manufacturing and distribution operation in Ireland, United Kingdom, Poland and Norway. The Food division activities are mainly based on Ireland and supplies the Italian food ingredients, home baking and convenience categories across the retails, food service and manufacturing sectors. Comp any generates 50.4% of the total revenue from the Ireland and 49.6% from rest of the world (Annual Report, 2012). Market Situation The present global crisis UK and downturn in the European market is affecting many of the businesses. The inflation rate is 3.7% down as compared to last year and the increase in unemployment rate of 7.9% changed the spending pattern of the customers. There Irish farming division is currently facing significant challenges. Firm’s incomes and purchasing power are under sustained pressure following a period of very low output prices and tightening of firm credit. As a result the sales and profit margin of the company got affected. Core Competitors Origin

A New Vision for Public Administration Essay Example for Free

A New Vision for Public Administration Essay Theme The theme of the article by Goodsell is illustrating â€Å"how public administration in the United States can be seen on its own terms, and not those of others† (p. 634). This article argue that the professors and practitioners of the field have inadvertently allowed it to be observed and interpreted from standpoints imposed by others who are external to its institutions and subject matter (p. 623). These include elected officials and politicians and a variety of critics supporting programs for improvement. The representations of the field expected by these outside viewers have been indiscreetly acknowledged within public administration, leaving the field disposed for influence as a tool for purposes other than its own. This situation has made it difficult for the fields leaders to formulate a separate intellectual vision for public administration that is consonant with their appropriate goals and concerns (p.623). Topic The topic under consideration is to contend that it is time for the field to advance, in the sense that it must express, at least to itself, a vision that apprehends its understanding of public administrations contented involvement to a democratic society. The article also present that the vision is no more â€Å"true† in an objective sense than the visions of others. The subject of investigation are the viewpoints in which the social constructs can be seen in different ways, and how the public administrators can be thought to be owning the capacities of human observation and visual understanding that allow them to see such objects. Method of Inquiry The method of inquiry used by the author is qualitative research. The author does this through corresponding to what a recent analyst of governance  described as society’s three major institutions: the state, the market, and civil society (p. 624). The state perceives public administration from the perspective of centralized, combined control by the chief executive. The market sees it in terms of private area standards and the principles of commerce. Civil societys viewpoint is that the fields self-governing prospective is apprehended through direct impact over government by those affected by it. Findings The author provides a brief and attentive summary of the major findings through a trio of conceptual categories. The three categories he analyzes are: States view on public administration, Market view on public administration, and Civil Society’s view on public administration. Public administration centers on matters of branded control under state’s view. This is controlled from the top and if the top person in charge is a tyrant, then the control is made unconditional by intimidations and eliminations. â€Å"In a democracy, the situation is more complicated: Laws and elections must be honored, a free press tolerated, and, in America, the separation of powers and divisions of federalism dealt with† (p. 624). Public administration centers on matters of branded control under state’s view. This is controlled from the top and if the top person in charge is a tyrant, then the control is made unconditional by intimidations and eliminations. â€Å"In a democracy, the situation is more complicated: Laws and elections must be honored, a free press tolerated, and, in America, the separation of powers and divisions of federalism dealt with† (p. 624). The bureaucracy came to be observed as coextensive with the executive branch of government, under the exclusive direction of the chief executive. Without consulting the Constitution, this was simply assumed to be the case. The Constitution enforces many judicial and legal controls over supervision that check the presidents power over administration. Although the president is explicitly designated commander in chief of the army and navy, over civilian matters no such authority exists. At the local level, state administrative eliminated panels in favor of single managers and created gubernatorial  budget offices. â€Å"Meanwhile, in the arena of intergovernmental relations, the federal grant-in-aid blossomed as a principal means of financing government at the state and local level; and this gave the money-dispensing national executive branch a high degree of dominance over the entire administrative system† (p. 624). Centralized administrative control permits the presidency to apply its proclaimed duty of local policy governance at home and its expected obligation to direct overseas the extensive actions of the worlds only global force. Market sees public administration not as a governmentally absorbed area of joined deed, but as a set of fundamentally noncommercial events open to free-market course and direction. â€Å"Flexibility, competition, and entrepreneurship are assumed to be the keys to delivering efficient services in a way that is both economical and pleasing to consumers (p. 625).† The impact of what is left of customary public administration is to take care of the few matters that are not else controlled by the market, such as providing necessary public goods or improving rare market failures. The favored features sought are drawn from the latest ideas adopted in corporate management and organization. â€Å"They must flatten their hierarchies, break down their stovepipes, and adopt the latest information technologies; the organization is committed to continuous change almost for its own sake, dedicated to the rituals of strategic planning verbalized by the latest reform acronyms† (p. 625). The crucial result is not lacking its ironies. Traditional public administration is seen as despairingly incompetent, stubborn, and old-fashioned. On the other hand the invalid administrators are eager consumers of the management policies sold by business trainers and consultants. At the end of the day, an inept, big-spending bureaucracy seems to be the perfect problem to have (p.625). Civil society’s central concern is opening it up to direct public involvement, although it too is interested in control and reform with regard to public administration. They are more interested in giving voice to those who are financially deprived and without any political influence. They also speak for racial minorities and community residents whom they believe should have a direct voice in administrative decisions that affect them. It is  difficult to separate these citizens from others in civil society who might also wish to claim the same right. â€Å"Examples are local merchants, corporate chief executives, association executives, religious activists, and arms dealers; even though these people already enjoy insider influence in government through hired lobbyists, social contacts, and campaign contributions† (p. 625). It is hard to envision a structure that would carefully distinct between the citizens that deserve from undeserving. The article also analyzed some academics that have promoted not just higher proportions of minorities and women, but also the â€Å"active† representation in the form of pro-group conduct by bureaucrats (p.626). The logical perception of shareholder study is seen as a way to anticipate public feedbacks to a planned quantity from all quarters. Collaborative public planning is a way to assembly direct address among members of all relevant groups to allow citizens and not just bureaucrats to structure and address issues. â€Å"This tool has been particularly popular in the natural resources area, in which ranchers, timber companies, sports enthusiasts, and environmentalists compete for influence; moreover, several techniques of interactive e-government have been the subject of experimentation, especially at the local level† (p.626). Assessment According to Goodsell, it appears that he is calling for the skills of a strategic leader when he says that the â€Å"mission is the foundation for agency self-identification, staff impulse, program unity, organizational pride, and political support. Likewise, it stimulates a conscious level of intentionality that keeps the organization on track and mobilizes the resolve needed to resist capture by special interests (p. 631).† From public administration’s standpoint, the most important defect in the state viewpoint is the downgrade of management to a lesser part. â€Å"It evokes the simplistic politics-administration dichotomy and suggests public servants should be subservient beings† (p. 627). Another problem with the market view is its notion in approval of business outsourcing over domestic ability. Such extreme events as formation and appraising programs and  cherishing and mixing the labor force should not be contracted out. Maybe the most important flaw of this viewpoint is that its concern with the private sector does not satisfy the responsibilities of government. â€Å"It is the nature of the public sector to seek multiple, varied goals, many of which cannot be monitored by the monetary metric; although the values of economy, efficiency, and productivity remain obviously important in public administration, a more thoughtful calculus of purpose is needed (p. 628)†. Citizen participation can help democratize administration, but only under the right circumstances. There are limits on how much and how often authority can be shared. In crisis situations, time is of the essence, and truly expansive democracy is impossible. In matters of great debate, continued discussions may actually worsen the tension and do nothing to attain compromise. Eventually, someone must make a decision, and usually that burden falls on the public administrator. In public policy networks, it is crucial for government to have a prime role. Administrators may employ persuasion and negotiation in dealing with other network members (as they have always done), they must be regarded as first among equals at a very minimum because of their legal authority and mandate to seek out the public good (p. 630). All in all it seems that a certain amount of authorization is essential to carry out allocated tasks. This profits not only the organizations themselves but also the larger community. Most organization duties are not, after all, casually shaped. They originate from the constant, vital needs of a modern society, making their existence not a matter of choice but a necessity acknowledged by mostly all.

Beloved by Toni Morrison (review) :: essays research papers

Cincinnati, Ohio, 183. 124 Bluestone Road. Only a mother, Sethe, and her daughter Denver, are living in a haunted house. They are African ex-slaves, survivors of a painful and traumatic life. It is Paul D, another slave from â€Å"Sweet Home†, that suddenly comes, who brings back memories of a past that has been long since buried. The more Sethe and Paul D talk about their past sufferings, the more they are healed. However, the ghost that haunts the house remains as a mystery. This book, â€Å"Beloved†, a touching and powerful social novel written by Toni Morrison, is a deeply profound reading experience. Morrison uses the same techniques as the most respectable and admirable authors. These include musical language, as she stated: â€Å"I wanted my language to be musical†. This technique gives the novel poetic lines, like: â€Å"Lay em down, Sethe. Sword and shield. Down. Down. Both of em down. Down by the riverside. Sword and shield.† (page 86). Also, she uses small precise images, that are described in detail. With this technique, the reader can feel as if he or she can contemplate the image and see the beauty in it. An example of this is: â€Å"She frowned and looked at her daughter-in-law bending toward the baby. Roses of blood blossomed in the blanket covering Sethe’s shoulders.† (page 93). As the story unfolds, the reader discovers the real human nature of the characters by Morrison’s excellent use of stream-of-consciousness. The rememory that takes place throughout the novel examines a cruel and obscene system of the not-so-old American society. Morrison presents some demonstrative examples of that last century America, that could be called â€Å"Hell on Earth†. Sethe and her family were all victims of slavery in a place called â€Å"Sweet Home†, where they worked at a plantation. Sethe was sexually abused while she was pregnant of a baby she later called Beloved. She was so terribly whipped by the white nephews of the owner that she carries permanent scars. After she gives birth, she cuts the baby’s throat. She could not bear to think of the child living slavery. The overall plot consists of sources of conflict that play an important role in this story. These are race, gender, family and supernatural issues (which is the presence of

“Gift Of The Magi” And “The Necklace” Essay

The two short stories, â€Å"The gift of the Magi† written by O. Henry and â€Å"The necklace written by Guy de Maupassant are both composed of two young, beautiful women Mathilde and Della. Even though they are in different composed stories that have similar characteristics that convey throughout the story such as, they are both emotionally and financially depressed, have loving husbands, and both want to achieve something in an extreme manner. Throughout much the stories there similarities interact with each other, however there differences shine as strong as there will to survive through the depths of life. For example, Mathilde expresses her repetitive unappreciative remarks on life little pleasures. â€Å"She grieved over the shabbiness of her apartment, the dinginess of the walls, the worn-out appearance of the chairs, the ugliness of the draperies† is an example of recessive comments in which she complains that she should be treated like gold (de Maupassant 202). Her comments create the fact that her caliber of royalty should not be mistreated. Though she lives in a filthy cottage, which she calls home. Her emotions on life have gone in a realty world where she should be treated like a king. Her envies of better quality life style have turned into a disease, where she must have the finest jewels, tapestries in the world. Her cravings of excessive attention have made her gone into a state of addiction. Mme. Loisel was greedy, dishonest, and did not love her husband. She was a huge complainer who was always looking for attention, and often used people. In addition, Mathilde Loisel is a character that has much pride in her. It is her motivation to act throughout the story, and it is the key to her downfall. Mathilde downfall comes into place when she does not tell Mrs. Forrestier that she lost her necklace. Mathilde does not gush out confessions and prostrating herself while pleading for forgiveness, she takes the responsibility for her mistakes by replacing Mrs. Forrestier’s necklace. De Maupassant shows her qualities in the introduction, the incident, and the poverty she endures. At the beginning of the story Mathilde pride is so strong that she does not want to face reality. Reality meaning the husband she has and the small household she resumes in. So in order to reject reality she turns to her dreams in which she has the life of ease and riches. Pride comes to place when she is complaining to her husband  about the way hey live and how she deserves more than this. When they discover that they have been invited to a big party, she feels she must live up to her pride. Knowing without a doubt that they have no money, she wants to have a beautiful dress and along with the dress she gets a radiant necklace from Mrs. Forrestier. The incident in which Mathilde loses the necklace plays an active role in Mathlide’s pride. Mathilde refuses to endure embarrassment by telling Mrs. Forrestier that she lost her necklace, so she goes and replaces the necklace. Her pride will not let her stoop so low into apologizing, pleading for forgiveness for nothing, instead her pride tells her that she is capable of replacing the necklace, and so she does. Her pride dreadfully leads her into destitution lifestyle, something she is not most proud of. The reality of her life becomes more realistic than ever. She is plunged into poverty, and drudgery that will take away her prized youth and beauty, never to return, but yet she still has her pride. At the end after all the debts are all paid, she sees Mrs. Forrestier, who by the way does not recognize her, tells her about the incident and what she had to do to pay the money, and discovers that the necklace was nothing more than a fake. Mathilde is a character that has a pride so strong that she doesn’t notice until her pride hits her with retribution, by leading her to poverty. She sees her responsibility for losing the necklace, and she had enough sense of self-sacrifice to pay for restoring it. She sacrifices â€Å"with pride† not only her position, but also her youth and beauty. Pride plays a crucial role in Mathilde life, role that stands strong and proud, but yet its so crucial that it drives Mathlide’s fate. Furthermore, Mathilde had begun to change. Physically, â€Å"she had become the strong, hard, rude, woman of poor households. † (209). But also there was a change on the inside, too. Sometimes she still sat and thought about her moment of glory and then thought about what her life would have been like if she would have never lost the necklace. She realized that her selfishness and desire to be â€Å"on top† had caused her to experience the major down fall that she did. She also realized that she was at rock bottom now, her and her husband both, and she had put them there. A Mathilde dream of unattainable wealth and comfort yet, fails to see that her dream life ends up harming her real life. Maupassant does and excellent job of showing the transformation of Mathilde’s character from a person who is selfish and ungrateful to a person who realizes that  her mistakes and pays for it the rest of her life. Even though the story is fiction, Maupassant has made it believable and lifelike. Someone reading this story could benefit greatly from it. We all must deal with selfishness at some point in our lives. W hy not learn from other people’s mistakes, fiction or not. On the other hand, Della is a thoughtful person, sacrificed their most prized possessions for one another. They did this in order to buy each other nice Christmas presents. Della’s most prized possession was her beautiful hair that she cut off and sold for the money. For example, she uses her time and patience to give a thoughtful present to her loving husband. She is very much appreciative of her husband and is willing to accept him as her confidence and with this time of financial depression she uses him as a guide through the dark times and does not complain at all (203-204). Also, Della does the imaginable by cutting her long, beautiful hair to please her husband so that he can have a Christmas to remember (203). She is a person who will not let a little downfall get in her way for her husband and her to a have a wonderful and joyous celebration. She a not a selfish person, instead she is magnanimous, and considerate to the fullest extent. Even though her beauty is lost, she gained love and compassionate feeling from her husband, and it what counts more than gifts. Finally, Della is chivalrous and an honorable being. Instead uses all her might and strength to create the best Christmas ever. Lately, she is much deprived of many of her daily things, however her cutting her hair makes her to care for her husband more than she cares for herself. She would rather have her husband have a Merry Christmas, likewise for the husband. In conclusion, the short stories, â€Å"The Gift of the Magi† and â€Å"The Necklace†, deal with two women’s struggles to make someone else happy and how fulfilling your own wants can hurt you. The difference between these stories is how when push came to shove, the way the characters chose to spend their money. These two interesting and ironic stories revolve around one main character. They both try to make their lives or someone else’s life better by using money.

Theme Of Stockings In Death Of A Salesman - 1013 Words

Those Damned Stockings! â€Å"You didn’t love her. You just didnt want to be alone. Or maybe, maybe she was good for your ego...but you didnt love her. Because you dont destroy people you love† -Grey’s Anatomy In Arthur Miller’s Death of a Salesman, Miller uses many objects and events to represent bigger ideas and themes to help ground the story and make it less confusing. Many of these objects could represent multiple ideas within the story, and it is up to the reader to interpret what they believe the objects represent. One such object is stockings. Miller uses Linda’s stockings to represent her love for Willy and how it is ripped and torn but mended just like fragile silk stockings. There is the odd resistance Willy shows to her†¦show more content†¦WILLY: I have no stockings here! THE WOMAN: You had two boxes of size nine sheers for me, and I want them! WILLY: Here, for God’s sake, will you get outa here! THE WOMAN (enters holding a box of stockings)†(Miller (FIND PAGE NUMBER) The Woman wants Willy to show that he is willing to ignore Linda’s care in order to be with her. Miller represents this through the stockings. He gives the Woman countless of Linda’s stockings, and in that abandons Linda for another woman. He later regrets this and wants to deny it happened and pretend he did nothing wrong. However he cannot change the fact that their relationship was damaged because of his actions and he cannot take back what he did to Linda. Linda is often seen repairing her expensive, silk stockings whenever there is something damaging to their relationship hinted at or when she has a fight with Willy. One such example is after the long scene with Willy’s mistress: â€Å" And thanks for the stockings. I love a lot of stockings†¦ (The Woman bursts out laughing, and Linda’s laughter blends in. The Woman disappears into the dark. Now the area at the kitchen table brightens. Linda is sitting where she was at the kitchen table, but now is mending a pair of her silk stockings.) LINDA: You are, Willy. The handsomest man. You’ve got no reason to feel that... WILLY (corning out of The Woman’s dimming area and going over to Linda): I’ll make it all up to you, Linda,Show MoreRelatedTheme Of Womens Stockings In Death Of A Salesman889 Words   |  4 PagesWomen’s stockings is the motif in the play. What is the significance of the womens stockings in the play? In the ‘Death of a Salesman’ the significance of the womens stockings is presented as a motif throughout the play. This is a vital part as the reader is discovering that Willy, the â€Å"well known† salesman had an affair. Even though Willy has a supportive and loving wife, he still goes out and seeks pleasure from another woman due to his loneliness â€Å"I get so lonely†. Throughout the play theRead MoreDeath Of A Salesman By Arthur Miller1487 Words   |  6 Pages Arthur Miller is famous for many of his different play’s ranging from Death of a Salesman to The Crucible. His play’s all possess a certain type of character that relate not only to the common man but to those who are facing atrocities in society. The Crucible was a very impressive play that took place in Salem in early day America, mainly focusing on the witch trials and the early American thought. While it was heavily historically based, it was also based off of the times of currentRead MoreDeath Of A Salesman By Arthur Miller964 Words   |  4 PagesArthur Miller, the author of the play Death of as salesman and many others, was born in New York in the year 1915. He later attended the University of Michigan which is where he started writing plays. He wrote many plays such as The Last Yankee, and Broken Glass. Miller died in the year 2005. The play Death of a salesman was written in 1949, the year of American largest economic expansion. This play is about a salesman named Willy Loman who seems to have a mental illness who has a wife, Linda LomanRead MoreThemes Of Symbolism In Death Of A Salesman1105 Words   |  5 PagesDeath of a Salesman In the movie Death of a Salesman (Death of a Salesman, 1985), we understand that there are a lot of symbols presented in the movie. The symbols in the movie are: stockings, the rubber hose, seeds, and a Tennis Racket. Each symbol represents the theme in the movie and gives it more attention to detail. The main character, Willy, represents every symbol, he makes up the whole movie. The movie makes it difficult to distinguish each symbol at times, so we know that the movie isn’tRead More Death of a Salesman Structure Metaphoric Language and Theme1542 Words   |  7 PagesDeath of a Salesman Structure Metaphoric Language and Theme In looking at the characteristics of the tragic hero, it can be see that Willy Loman is not a tragic hero but a victim of a false idealistic pursuit of the â€Å"American Dream†. Willy strives to become and instill in his sons the success of the self made man that American society often advertises but ultimately falls short, and instead, escapes accepting his failure through lies and death. What many flaws Willy possesses, most do notRead More Comparing Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller and Fences by August Wilson1267 Words   |  6 PagesComparing Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller and Fences by August Wilson Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller and Fences by August Wilson have similar themes of conflicts between fathers and sons, conflicts between husbands and wives, and the need to focus on a small unit of space in order to achieve success. In the process of developing these themes throughout the two plays, three similar symbolic elements are used including the insecure father figure, the other woman, and the garden. Read More Man vs. Himself: Betrayal and Abandonment Shown in Arthur Miller’s Death of a Salesman1507 Words   |  7 PagesArthur Miller’s Death of a Salesman tells the story of a man trying and failing to obtain success for him and his family. Willy Loman, a traveling salesman, has been trying to ‘make it big’ for the majority of his life. Miller’s play explores the themes of abandonment and betrayal and their effects on life’s success. Willy sees himself as being abandoned by his older brother, Ben, and constantly views his sibl ing’s betrayal as one that changed his prospects forever. Willy, in turn, is guilty ofRead MoreDeath Of A Salesman Symbolism Analysis1145 Words   |  5 PagesSymbols in â€Å"Death of a Salesman† by Arthur Miller Symbolism, as defined by Oxford Dictionary, is the â€Å"use of symbols to represent ideas or qualities.† Throughout the play Death of a Salesman, by Arthur Miller, he uses symbols to represent a greater idea and to say more than what is actually being said. Through the use of silk stockings, a rubber hose, and the flute music that drifts through the play, Miller demonstrates the power that these items have over the Loman family. One reoccurring symbolRead MoreArthur Millers Death of a Salesman Essay904 Words   |  4 PagesArthur Millers Death of a Salesman Arthur Millers play, Death of a Salesman contains many themes of success and failure. They include the apartment buildings, the rubber hose, Willys brother Ben, the tape recorder, and the seeds for the garden. These symbols represent Willys attempts to be successful and his impending failure. In the start Willy and Linda moved to a home in Brooklyn, as it at the time seemedRead MoreDeath Of A Salesman: Illusion In An American Tragedy Essay1738 Words   |  7 PagesWhen the realities of life become too harsh, humankind has a natural tendency to choose the most convenient solution to his problem: illusion. They build dreams and fantasies to conceal the more difficult truths of their lives. In his play Death of a Salesman, Arthur Miller portrays the hold of such illusions on individuals and its horrible consequences. Through the overly average, overly typical Loman family, Miller shows how dreams of a better life become, as Choudhuri put it, â€Å"fantasies to the